Free Download Formation and Evolution of Star-Forming Filaments in Molecular Clouds by Daisei Abe English | PDF EPUB (True) | 2024 | 109 Pages | ISBN : 9819764130 | 39.4 MB This book clears up some confusion in the field of star formation and proposes a solution to a problem that remains unsolved for more than a decade. Observations of molecular clouds show that dense filaments are the sites of present-day star formation, and it is thus necessary to understand the filament formation process because the filament is an initial condition in a star formation process. Theoretical studies suggest that shock waves in molecular clouds trigger filament formation. Several different mechanisms have been proposed, and the formation mechanism of the observed star-forming filaments is expected to be clarified. In this book, the author performs a series of isothermal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulations of filament formation and identifies the formation mechanisms. It is found that the dominant filament formation mode changes with the velocity of the shock waves that trigger the filament formation. The filament width plays an important role in determining the fragmentation scale by self-gravity, and observations show that the width 0.1 pc is universal. On the other hand, in theory the width of the supercritical filaments was considered to be narrowed by self-gravity. Recent studies suggest that massive filaments are bound by the slow shocks that are caused by accretion flows onto the filaments. Since the wavefront of such a slow shock is known to be unstable as a slow shock instability (SSI), the accretion ram pressure is expected to be converted into thermal/turbulent pressure across the shock front, which potentially maintains the width. In the scale of dense filaments, ambipolar diffusion (AD) suppresses the SSI at small scales. The influence of AD on SSI is investigated using two-dimensional MHD simulations, and the nonlinear evolution of the SSI with AD is found to drive turbulences. The book demonstrate the effect of SSI including AD onto the filament evolution. Free Download Formal Concept Analysis: Mathematical Foundations by Bernhard Ganter , Rudolf Wille English | PDF | 1999 | 289 Pages | ISBN : 3540627715 | 24.5 MB Formal Concept AllalY.5is is a field of applied mathematics based on the math ematization of concept and conceptual hierarchy. It thereby activates math ematical thinking for conceptual data analysis and knowledge processing. The underlying notion of "concept" evolved early in the philosophical theory of concepts and still has effects today. For example, it has left its mark in the German standards DIN 2:)30 and DIN 2;3:)1. In mathematics it played a special role during the emergence of mathematical logic in the 19th century. Subsequently, however, it had virtually no impact on mathematical thinking. It was not until 1979 that the topic was revisited and treated more thoroughly. Since then, through a large number of contributions, Formal Concept Analysis has obtained such breadth that a systematic presentation is urgently needed, but can no longer be realized in one volume. Therefore, the present book foruse:':! on the mathematical foundations of Formal Concept Analysis, which ran be regarded chiefly as a branch of ap plied lattice theory. A series of examples serves to demonstrate the utility of the lnathematical definitions and results; in particular, to show how Formal Concept Analysis can be used for the conceptual unfolding of data contexts. These examples do not play the role of case studies in data analysis. A is intended for a comprehensive treatment of methods of separate volume conceptual data and knowledge processing. The general foundations of For mal Concept Analysis will also be treated separately. Free Download Form, Space and Design: From the Persian to the European Experience by Mahmoud Tavassoli English | EPUB | 2020 | 148 Pages | ISBN : 3030158306 | 147.3 MB This book studies the principles of urban spatial organization of historic cities. It can be considered a guide to design, presenting qualitative criteria to satisfy practical needs. The subject is explored through interconnected chapters, each addressing an important aspect of form-space and design values, knowledge and our present problems.
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