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 Free Download Leon Trotsky, "Towards Socialism or Capitalism?" English | 2013 | ISBN: 0415625785 | EPUB | pages: 130 | 0.7 mb First Published in 1926, Towards Socialism or Capitalism? considers how the socialised economy of Soviet Russia, isolated in a capitalist world after Lenin's death, faced acute dangers. Trotsky and the Left Opposition alone fought the Stalinist degeneration of the state and party apparatus which threatened to open the door to capitalist restoration. The three articles in this book, written between 1925 and 1932, discuss the fundamental problems of the Soviet economy from the New Economic Policy to forced collectivization. Published here in one volume, they are indispensable steps in the development of Trotsky's analysis of the Soviet Union, laid down in 1936 in 'The Revolution Betrayed'.
 Free Download Dr. Johanna Laakso, "Towards Openly Multilingual Policies and Practices: Assessing Minority Language Maintenance Across Europe " English | ISBN: 1783094958 | 2016 | 280 pages | PDF | 6 MB This book investigates the maintenance of multilingualism and minority languages in 12 different minority communities across Europe, all of which are underrepresented in international minority language studies. The book presents a number of case studies covering a broad range of highly diverse minorities and languages with different historical and socio-political backgrounds. Despite current legislation and institutional and educational support, the authors surmise there is no guarantee for the maintenance of minority languages, suggesting changes in attitudes and language ideologies are the key to promoting true multilingualism. The book also introduces a new tool, the European Language Vitality Barometer, for assessing the maintenance of minority languages on the basis of survey data. The book is based on the European Language Diversity for All (ELDIA) research project which was funded by the European Commission (7th framework programme, 2010-2013).  Free Download Deirdre Curtin, Morten Egeberg, "Towards A New Executive Order In Europe? (West European Politics)" English | 2009 | ISBN: 0415483131, 041585170X | EPUB | pages: 224 | 1.0 mb The executive branch of government in Europe is being gradually transformed in several significant respects. First, executive power has been continuously strengthened at the EU level in the form of the European Commission, EU-level agencies and diplomatic and military staff in the Union Council secretariat. Second, EU executive bodies relate directly to (regulatory) authorities at the national level in charge of applying (and partly preparing) EU laws and programmes, partly circumventing ministerial departments. Thus, parts of national administrations become parts of an integrated and multi-level Union administration as well as parts of national executives. Such a system with multiple political masters raises delicate questions about political steering and accountability. This book focuses on this fascinating development both from a political science and a legal perspective, encompassing the consolidation of the supranational executive as well as its relationships with its 'partners' at the national level.
 Free Download Reinhard Rummel, Manfred Scheich, Christopher Murray, "Toward Political Union: Planning A Common Foreign And Security Policy In The European Community" English | 2020 | ISBN: 0813385180, 0367211866, 0367214679 | EPUB | pages: 376 | 0.5 mb The contributors, representing major European Community institutions and member states, offer their assessments of the political and institutional issues influencing the formation of a common foreign and security policy for the 12 member states. Representatives of non-EC countries (particularly the United States, the Soviet Union, and Japan)
 Free Download Asian Development Bank, "Toward Mainstreaming and Sustaining Community-Driven Development in Indonesia: Understanding Local Initiatives and the Transition from the National ... Empowerment Program to the Village Law" English | 2016 | ISBN: 9292573160 | EPUB | pages: 84 | 1.0 mb Indonesia has adopted community-driven development as a major strategy for poverty reduction, and replicated the approach nationwide through a number of programs. Over the past few years, the country has formulated a road map for sustaining the systems, procedures, and benefits of community-driven development. Through case studies, the study examines the ongoing transition from the government's long-standing National Community Empowerment Program to mainstreaming through the government's regular planning and budget allocation system through the Village Law, which was enacted in early 2014. The study summarizes important lessons learned and policy implications from the first year of Village Law implementation.
 Free Download Charles F Bonser, "Toward A North American Common Market: Problems And Prospects For A New Economic Community" English | 2019 | ISBN: 0813381274, 0367211947 | EPUB | pages: 127 | 0.7 mb This is an examination of both the advantages and the problems posed by the notion of a North American economic union. Scholars and government representatives from the United States, Canada and Mexico exchange views and explore not just the economic implications but also the likely social and political consequences of economic integration.  Free Download AW Tozer, "Total Commitment to Christ" English | 2021 | ASIN: B08S5PW9KK | EPUB | pages: 27 | 0.1 mb This is a short but inspiring book on how to follow Christ with your whole heart. We must put Christ at the center of our lives and live for him and through him alone. He was an iconoclast among Evangelicals. One who sought to please God and not man. In this way he made many friends and many enemies. But everything that drove him was for the betterment of the human race in general and the Church in particular.  Free Download Donatella Di Cesare, "Torture" English | ISBN: 1509524363 | 2018 | 180 pages | PDF | 4 MB Torture is not as universally condemned as it once was. From Guantánamo and Abu Ghraib prisons to the death of Giulio Regeni, countless recent cases have shocked public opinion. But if we want to defend the human dignity that torture violates, simple indignation is not enough.  Free Download James P. Pfiffner, "Torture As Public Policy: Restoring U.S. Credibility on the World Stage" English | 2010 | ISBN: 1594515093, 1594515085 | EPUB | pages: 224 | 0.9 mb After September 11, 2001 the Bush Administration decided that the most important intelligence about terrorism would come from the interrogation of captives suspected of terrorism. As a result, many detainees were subject to harsh interrogation techniques that at times amounted to torture. Here, James P. Pfiffner authoritatively examines the policy directives, operational decisions, and leadership actions of the Bush Administration that reversed centuries of US policy on the treatment of enemy prisoners. He shows how the serious reservations of career military lawyers about these policies were overcome by the political appointees of the Bush Administration. Pfiffner then analyses the philosophical and legal underpinnings of the policies and practices that have led to the denunciation of the United States' policies by its allies and adversaries throughout the world. Looking ahead, Pfiffner anticipates Obama administration policy changes to restore U.S. credibility and accountability. In all, Torture as Public Policy is a model of detailed policy analysis that demonstrates how greatly public policy matters beyond the back corridors of bureaucracy.  Free Download Zeyno Baran, "Torn Country: Turkey between Secularism and Islamism" English | 2010 | ISBN: 0817911448 | EPUB | pages: 174 | 0.2 mb Zeyno Baran examines the intense struggle between Turkey's secularists and Islamists in their most recent battles over their country's destination. Looking into the fate of both Turkey's secularism and its democratic experiment, she shows that, for all the flaws of its political journey, the modern Turkish state has managed to maintain an essential separation between religion and the political realm-a separation that is now in jeopardy. |
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