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 Free Download Tracy Preece, "Excavations at Redhouse, Adwick Le Street, Doncaster: Bronze Age, Iron Age and Roman Occupation" English | ISBN: 1803276886 | 2023 | 166 pages | PDF | 15 MB In the early Bronze Age, there was a single isolated burial monument defined by a ring ditch within which were six similarly shaped pits. One of these pits contained urned cremation burials, one pit contained an unurned cremation burial, two pits contained pottery vessels and two pits did not contain human remains or artefacts. The vast majority of the archaeological evidence was associated with enclosures and fields systems that were probably established during the middle to late Iron Age period and were developed and expanded upon in the Roman period, being utilised until the early 4th century. At least two of the enclosures were established during the Iron Age and a further seven enclosures were created during the Roman period, with the earlier enclosures being incorporated. These enclosures and field ditches were part of an extensive landscape across this area, where a vast array of cropmarks have been Descriptionted, making the Redhouse site just one of many in the landscape. Part of the Roman Road from Lincoln to York, known locally as the Roman Ridge, extended across the eastern part of the area. Enclosures were utilised for both domestic and other functions such as crop processing, stock management and smithing. Features found included a crouched inhumation within a pit which was radiocarbon dated to the middle Iron Age. Several Roman coins including three counterfeits were recovered during excavations. Of note were fragments of coin moulds from one of the Roman enclosure ditches, which makes this one of only about 40 sites that have produced evidence for this activity.
 Free Download Iain Soden, "Excavation of the Late Saxon and Medieval Churchyard of St Martin's, Wallingford, Oxfordshire" English | ISBN: 1784917664 | 2018 | 94 pages | PDF | 15 MB MOLA (Museum of London Archaeology) undertook excavations over 2003-4 at the former St Martin's churchyard, Wallingford, Oxfordshire. St Martin's, one of perhaps eight churches of late Saxon Wallingford, was located in a prominent position in the centre of the burh. No middle Saxon activity was found and the earliest remains consisted of a layer sealing the natural subsoil which contained a probable late Saxon lead cross. Earliest use of the churchyard has been dated to the late 10th to early 11th century by radiocarbon dating, and burials continued until the end of the 14th century, serving a dwindling parish population, before the cemetery rapidly fell out of use thereafter. No burials post-date 1412. Part of the cemetery has not been disturbed by the present development. The unexcavated areas and previous post-medieval and modern disturbances has meant the original size of the cemetery remains unknown. A late Saxon mortar mixer found on the site has added to a growing number of this distinctive early constructional feature. While its presence indicates the vicinity of the late Saxon church, no foundations of St Martin's church appear to have survived cellar digging and quarrying for gravel that occurred in the early 18th century. Osteological analysis of 187 of the 211 excavated skeletons of the cemetery has depicted a lay population which was almost equally split between males and females, with only a slight bias towards males. Their distribution showed no observable cluster within the churchyard by age or gender. A high proportion of children is notable but newborns and very young children were comparatively rare. The significance of this is unclear since so many disarticulated remains were also present due to later disturbance. Both degenerative pathologies and inherited conditions affecting bone were noted, as were a high frequency of trauma, some of it violent. Generally the population could be shown to have led healthy early lives compared to other urban assemblages, although evidence of tuberculosis and iron deficiency suggest that living conditions and diet at the heart of medieval Wallingford were far from ideal. Within the excavated area of the cemetery, a number of the burials demonstrated known pre-Conquest burial rites and there are some aspects which may be peculiar to the area, suggesting local variations to common rites. Eight pre-Conquest burials had their heads supported mostly by stones, but one had his head supported by two disarticulated skulls. One 30-40 year old male was buried wearing a pierce scallop-shell, presumably a pilgrim badge from Santiago de Compostella. Four burials were interred in stone-built cists and these ranged from a c1 year old to adults of both sexes. A further six burials lay in stone-built cists without a cover. All post-Conquest burials were earth-cut examples.  Free Download Evolutionary Genomics: Statistical and Computational Methods, Volume 2 By Christian N. K. Anderson, Liang Liu, Dennis Pearl, Scott V. Edwards (auth.), Maria Anisimova (eds.) 2012 | 556 Pages | ISBN: 1617795844 | PDF | 9 MB Together with early theoretical work in population genetics, the debate on sources of genetic makeup initiated by proponents of the neutral theory made a solid contribution to the spectacular growth in statistical methodologies for molecular evolution. Evolutionary Genomics: Statistical and Computational Methods is intended to bring together the more recent developments in the statistical methodology and the challenges that followed as a result of rapidly improving sequencing technologies. Presented by top scientists from a variety of disciplines, the collection includes a wide spectrum of articles encompassing theoretical works and hands-on tutorials, as well as many reviews with key biological insight. Volume 2 begins with phylogenomics and continues with in-depth coverage of natural selection, recombination, and genomic innovation. The remaining chapters treat topics of more recent interest, including population genomics, -omics studies, and computational issues related to the handling of large-scale genomic data. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, this work provides the kind of advice on methodology and implementation that is crucial for getting ahead in genomic data analyses.Comprehensive and cutting-edge, Evolutionary Genomics: Statistical and Computational Methods is a treasure chest of state-of the-art methods to study genomic and omics data, certain to inspire both young and experienced readers to join the interdisciplinary field of evolutionary genomics.  Free Download Evolutionary Genomics: Statistical and Computational Methods, Volume 1 By Aidan Budd (auth.), Maria Anisimova (eds.) 2012 | 467 Pages | ISBN: 161779581X | PDF | 6 MB Together with early theoretical work in population genetics, the debate on sources of genetic makeup initiated by proponents of the neutral theory made a solid contribution to the spectacular growth in statistical methodologies for molecular evolution. Evolutionary Genomics: Statistical and Computational Methods is intended to bring together the more recent developments in the statistical methodology and the challenges that followed as a result of rapidly improving sequencing technologies. Presented by top scientists from a variety of disciplines, the collection includes a wide spectrum of articles encompassing theoretical works and hands-on tutorials, as well as many reviews with key biological insight. Volume 1 includes a helpful introductory section of bioinformatician primers followed by detailed chapters detailing genomic data assembly, alignment, and homology inference as well as insights into genome evolution from statistical analyses. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, this work provides the kind of advice on methodology and implementation that is crucial for getting ahead in genomic data analyses.Comprehensive and cutting-edge, Evolutionary Genomics: Statistical and Computational Methods is a treasure chest of state-of the-art methods to study genomic and omics data, certain to inspire both young and experienced readers to join the interdisciplinary field of evolutionary genomics.  Free Download Evolutionary Biology: Mechanisms and Trends By Krishna Dronamraju (auth.), Pierre Pontarotti (eds.) 2012 | 364 Pages | ISBN: 3642304249 | PDF | 8 MB The annual Evolutionary BiologyMeetings in Marseilles serve to gather leading evolutionary biologists and other scientists using evolutionary biology concepts, e.g. for medical research. The aims of these meetings are to promote the exchange of ideas and to encourage interdisciplinary collaborations.This book collects 19 selected contributions presented at the 15th meeting, which took place in September 2011. It starts with a description of the life and work of J.B.S. Haldane, a remarkable evolutionary biologist of the 20th century. The remaining chapters are grouped under the following three themes:· New Concepts in Evolutionary Biology· Macroevolution: Mechanisms and Trends· Genome EvolutionOffering an up-to-date overview of recent results in the field of evolutionary biology, this book is an invaluable source of information for scientists, teachers and advanced students.  Free Download Evolutionary Biology: Exobiology and Evolutionary Mechanisms By Margherita Raineri, Erki Tammiksaar (auth.), Pierre Pontarotti (eds.) 2013 | 300 Pages | ISBN: 3642382118 | PDF | 8 MB This book presents 19 selected contributions to the 16th Evolutionary Biology Meeting, which took place in September 2012 in Marseilles. The aims of these annual meetings, which gather together leading evolutionary biologists and other scientists, are to promote the exchange of ideas and to encourage interdisciplinary collaborations. The first chapter deals with the history of a great discovery: The first experiments on ascidian and sea urchin egg fertilization. The remaining contributions are grouped under the following categories:· Evolutionary biology concepts· Exobiology and the origin of life· Evolutionary mechanismsOffering an up-to-date overview of recent findings in the field of evolutionary biology, this book is an invaluable source of information for scientists, teachers and advanced students.  Free Download Ray Whitford - Evolution of the Airliner Crowood Press | 2007 | ISBN: 186126870X | English | 200 pages | PDF | 117.38 MB Commercial air travel has come a long way since the first purpose-built airliners took to the sky soon after World War I. Countless innovations have enabled aircraft to fly higher, faster, and more efficiently, and flights have become more comfortable and cheaper. This important book, based on a well-received series of articles in Air International magazine, offers an unparalleled insight into the way that the airliner has evolved and how each new breakthrough and refinement has affected the industry and the future path of development.  Free Download Evolution of Extracellular Matrix By Josephine C. Adams (auth.), Fred W. Keeley, Robert P. Mecham (eds.) 2013 | 290 Pages | ISBN: 3642360017 | PDF | 8 MB The evolution of single cells into multicellular organisms was mediated, in large part, by the extracellular matrix. The proteins and glycoconjugates that make up the extracellular matrix provide structural support to cellular complexes, facilitate cell adhesion and migration, and impart mechanical properties that are important for tissue function. Each class of ECM macromolecule has evolved to incorporate distinctive properties that are defined by conserved modules that are mixed together to achieve appropriate function. This volume provides a comprehensive analysis of how the major ECM components evolved over time in order to fill their specific roles found in modern organisms. The major focus is on the structural matrix proteins, matricellular proteins, and more complex ECM structures such as basement membranes. Adhesive proteins and their receptors are also discussed.  Free Download Kevin N. Lala, "Evolution Evolving: The Developmental Origins of Adaptation and Biodiversity" English | ISBN: 0691262411 | 2024 | 440 pages | PDF | 14 MB A new account of the central role developmental processes play in evolution  Free Download Evolution and Senses: Opsins, Bitter Taste, and Olfaction By Yoshinori Shichida, Takahiro Yamashita, Hiroo Imai, Takushi Kishida (auth.) 2013 | 46 Pages | ISBN: 4431542213 | PDF | 2 MB This book focuses on sensing and the evolution of animals. Using the five senses (visual, auditory, and olfactory perception, and taste and touch), animals can receive environmental stimuli and respond to them. Changes in these sensitivities might cause changes in aspects of animals' lives such as habitat, activity timing, and diet-and vice versa. Recent advances in genome and molecular analysis enable us to investigate certain changes in the receptors or mechanisms involved in sensing and provide clues for understanding the evolution of animals related to those changes. The first chapter deals with the molecular evolution of opsins. In addition to the well-known function of opsins as visual receptors, opsins can be related to non-visual photoreception such as photoentrainment of circadian rhythm, photoperiodism, and background adaptation. Molecular phylogenic studies reveal that all opsin genes have evolved from one ancient opsin gene. The evaluation of the functions of each extant opsin protein based on the molecular features enables us to predict the molecular evolution and diversification of opsins during the evolution of animals. These studies shed light on which amino-acid substitutions cause the functional diversification of opsins and how they have influenced the evolution of animals. The second chapter has to do with bitter taste perception, a key detection mechanism against the ingestion of bioactive substances. Genetic and behavioral evidence reveal the existence of "non-taster" Japanese macaques for specific bitter compounds, which originated in a restricted region of Japan. This finding might provide a clue for elucidating the ecological, evolutionary, and neurobiological aspects of bitter taste perception of primates. The third chapter presents an extreme example of the evolution of olfaction, namely, that fully aquatic amniotes have generally reduced their olfactory capacity considerably compared to their terrestrial relatives. Interestingly, the remaining olfactory abilities are quite different among three fully aquatic amniotes investigated: toothed whales have no nervous system structures that mediate olfaction, but baleen whales can smell in air, and it has been suggested that sea snakes smell underwater. |
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