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 Free Download Axiomatic Utility Theory under Risk: Non-Archimedean Representations and Application to Insurance Economics By Dr. Ulrich Schmidt (auth.) 1998 | 228 Pages | ISBN: 3540643192 | PDF | 5 MB The first attempts to develop a utility theory for choice situations under risk were undertaken by Cramer (1728) and Bernoulli (1738). Considering the famous St. Petersburg Paradox! - a lottery with an infinite expected monetary value -Bernoulli (1738, p. 209) observed that most people would not spend a significant amount of money to engage in that gamble. To account for this observation, Bernoulli (1738, pp. 199-201) proposed that the expected monetary value has to be replaced by the expected utility ("moral expectation") as the relevant criterion for decision making under risk. However, Bernoulli's 2 argument and particularly his choice of a logarithmic utility function seem to be rather arbitrary since they are based entirely on intuitively 3 appealing examples. Not until two centuries later, did von Neumann and Morgenstern (1947) prove that if the preferences of the decision maker satisfy cer tain assumptions they can be represented by the expected value of a real-valued utility function defined on the set of consequences. Despite the identical mathematical form of expected utility, the theory of von Neumann and Morgenstern and Bernoulli's approach have, however, IFor comprehensive discussions of this paradox cf. Menger (1934), Samuelson (1960), (1977), Shapley (1977a), Aumann (1977), Jorland (1987), and Zabell (1987). 2Cramer (1728, p. 212), on the other hand, proposed that the utility of an amount of money is given by the square root of this amount.  Free Download Atlas of Limb Deformity: Etiological Classification English | 2024 | ISBN: 9819709989 | 832 Pages | PDF EPUB (True) | 350 MB This book focuses on classification and category of etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and orthopedic principles of different types of limb deformities in China. The relativity of the definition of limb deformity, the cognitive history of human beings on limb deformity and disability for thousands of years, and the characteristics and classification methods of the diseases category of limb deformity in Chinese population are covered in the chapters, in which the dynamic nature of the occurrence and development of limb deformity from the perspective of biological evolution and auxology, is analyzed too. Written by experts with wealthy of experience, it will be an ideal reference for physicians involved in the diagnosis and treatment of limb deformity.  Free Download William Condon, "Assessing the Portfolio: Principles for Practice, Theory & Research" English | 2000 | pages: 116 | ISBN: 157273230X, 1572732318 | PDF | 17,5 mb This volume deals with the subject of portfolio-based writing assessment. It explores the theory behind using portfolios in writing a programme as well as information about what portfolios are, what advantages they hold for assessment purposes, and what effects they can have on a writing programme.  Free Download Assessing Neuromotor Readiness for Learning: The INPP Developmental Screening Test and School Intervention Programme, 2nd Edition by Sally Goddard Blythe English | 2025 | ISBN: 1394214669 | 160 Pages | True ePUB | 3.76 MB
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