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 Free Download A.I. Sabra, "Optics, Astronomy and Logic: Studies in Arabic Science and Philosophy " English | ISBN: 0860784355 | | 337 pages | EPUB, PDF | 12 MB + 34 MB Running through the articles in this volume is the theme of the appropriation and subsequent naturalization of Greek science by scholars in the world of medieval Islam. The opening paper presents the historiography of this process, and the focus is then placed on Ibn al-Haytham, one of the most original and influential figures of the 11th century, and in particular in his contribution to the science of optics, both mathematical and experimental, and the psychology of vision. Professor Sabra then continues the analysis of how Greek thought was developed in the Islamic world with two studies of work based on Euclid's geometry and two on critiques of Ptolemaic astronomy. The final articles turn specifically to questions in the history of logic - Aristotelian syllogism, and Avicenna's views on the subject - matter of logic.
 Free Download Optical and Acoustical Holography: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Optical and Acoustical Holography Milan, Italy, May 24-June 4, 1971 By Emilio Gatti (auth.), Ezio Camatini (eds.) 1995 | 436 Pages | ISBN: 146841982X | PDF | 25 MB When Faraday performed the very first experiments on electromagnetic effects, which form the very foundation of modern civilization since virtually everything electrical utilizes them, he was asked of what use his experiments were. He is said to have replied: "What is the use of a baby?" That reply might also be given to those who asked what was the use of basic research which resulted in the development of the laser and holography. Brigadier General Leo A.Kiley, Commander, Office of Aerospace Research, USAF, in his remarks before the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers at the opening ceremony of the Seminar on Holography held at San Francisco, California, in May 1968, declared, "It has been said that in the twenty-first century at least half of the jobs that will exist then do not exist today. But be that as it may, I am sure that holography will be common place. " And later "Even in its embryonic state today, the concept of holography is providing real world applications to the scientific community and I feel that continued rapid growth can be predicted." Now, only three years after these statements, the development of holography is extraordinary on the scientific side and very promising from the point of view of proven and potential applica tions. Holography looks like an emerging technique, a valuable tool for engineers.  Free Download Optical Waves in Waveguides and Free Space: Multimode Propagation English | 2024 | ISBN: 981979546X | 612 Pages | PDF EPUB (True) | 84 MB This book provides a thorough review of multi-mode propagation inside optical waveguides and free space, which is receiving particular attention for its promising applications in communications and sensing. At the heart of the book is the matter of how modes couple and interfere due to engineered or random index fluctuations, forming functional devices.
 Free Download Optical Properties of Metals and Intermolecular Interactions / Opticheskie Svoistva Metallov / Mezhmolekulyarnoe Vzaimodeistvie / Оптические Свойства Металлов / Межмолекулярное Взаимодействие By G. P. Motulevich (auth.), Academician D. V. Skobel'tsyn (eds.) 1995 | 227 Pages | ISBN: 1468483749 | PDF | 8 MB The first part of this collection sets out the results of some experimental and theoretical investigations into the optical properties of nontransition metals. The extensive future pros pects of metal optics are indicated; the use of metal optics enables a whole series of import ant electron properties of metals to be determined. Results obtained by studying intermolecular forces (the hydrogen bond and van der Waals forces) using spectroscopic methods (Raman effect and infrared absorption) are presented in the second part. A method of studying the true absorption of the drop phase of a water cloud is described. Methods of increasing the dispersion of manufactured spectral instruments and constructing various infrared spectrometers are indicated. The publication is intended for scientific workers, graduates, and students concerned with problems of metal optics, the electron properties of metals, and molecular spectroscopy. v CONTENTS OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF NONTRANSITION METALS G. P. Motulevich Introduction .**.*......* " .................*.......**. 1 Chapter I. Method of the Kinetic Equation in Metal Optics........... 5 § 1. Kinetic equation for the infrared part of the spectrum *.*..*...*....**.**.. 5 § 2. Anomalous skin effect . * . . . . . . . . . * . * . . * . . . . * . . * * * * * . . . . * . . * . . . . . . 9 § 3. Normal skin effect * * . . . . . * . . . . * * . * . . . * * * . . . . . * . . . . .. . . 11 . . * . . . . . . § 4. Weakly anomalous skin effect. . . * * * * . . . . . . . . . . . . * * . . . . * . .. * . 13 . . . . . . .  Free Download Optical Frequency Combs by Auro Michele Perego and Andrew D. Ellis English | 2025 | ISBN: 1032548088 | 352 pages | True PDF EPUB | 94.79 MB
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 Free Download Open-Set Text Recognition: Concepts, Framework, and Algorithms (SpringerBriefs in Computer Science) by Xu-Cheng Yin, Chun Yang, Chang Liu English | April 2, 2024 | ISBN: 9819703603 | 134 pages | MOBI | 9.68 Mb In real-world applications, new data, patterns, and categories that were not covered by the training data can frequently emerge, necessitating the capability to detect and adapt to novel characters incrementally. Researchers refer to these challenges as the Open-Set Text Recognition (OSTR) task, which has, in recent years, emerged as one of the prominent issues in the field of text recognition. This book begins by providing an introduction to the background of the OSTR task, covering essential aspects such as open-set identification and recognition, conventional OCR methods, and their applications. Subsequently, the concept and definition of the OSTR task are presented encompassing its objectives, use cases, performance metrics, datasets, and protocols. A general framework for OSTR is then detailed, composed of four key components: The Aligned Represented Space, the Label-to-Representation Mapping, the Sample-to-Representation Mapping, and the Open-set Predictor. In addition,possible implementations of each module within the framework are discussed. Following this, two specific open-set text recognition methods, OSOCR and OpenCCD, are introduced. The book concludes by delving into applications and future directions of Open-set text recognition tasks.This book presents a comprehensive overview of the open-set text recognition task, including concepts, framework, and algorithms. It is suitable for graduated students and young researchers who are majoring in pattern recognition and computer science, especially interdisciplinary research.  Free Download Open and Digital Ecosystems: Added Value Through Industry and Technology Convergence English | 2024 | ISBN: 365845394X | 300 Pages | PDF EPUB (True) | 11 MB Dive into the fascinating world of digital disruption and discover the transformative power of open and digital ecosystems, which will constitute one-third of global trade by 2030. This book demonstrates how value creation occurs beyond organizational boundaries and places the consumer at the forefront. The convergence of industries and technologies drives the experience-oriented customer journey and accelerates digital transformation. Explore Artificial Intelligence, Augmented Reality, the Internet of Things, Blockchain, Cloud, and Quantum Computing as key building blocks for innovation. The golden triangle of digital ecosystems - commerce, social media, and finance - illustrates how companies like Alibaba, Tencent, NIO, Alphabet, Apple, Amazon, and Migros create unique customer experiences and integrate services with super-apps. |
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