Does This Treatment Cause That Outcome?: The Science of Estimating a Treatment Effect and Why It MattersEnglish | 2026 | ISBN: 1041049749 | 283 pages | True PDF | 9.83 MB
This book is an engaging and insightful exploration of cause-and-effect relationships in clinical research. It begins with the foundational principles of causal inference, traces the historical evolution of randomized controlled trials, and provides a clear, comprehensive explanation of the essential elements of ICH E9(R1). The central themes of ICH E9(R1) - defining the clinical question of primary importance and establishing the estimand to answer that question - are seamlessly integrated throughout the narrative.