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Free Download Ordered Sets by Egbert Harzheim
English | PDF | 2005 | 391 Pages | ISBN : 0387242198 | 18.7 MB
This book is written particularly for mathematics students and, of course, for mathematicians interested in set theory. Only some fun- mental parts of naive set theory are presupposed, - not more than is treated in a textbook on set theory, even if this restricts us only to the most basic facts of this field. We have summarized all of this in Chapter 0 without longer discusssions and explanations, because there are s- eral textbooks which can be consulted by the reader, e.g. HrbacekIJech [88], KneeboneIRotman [99], ShenIVereshchagin [159]. Besides this only elementary facts of analysis are used. The theory of ordered sets can be divided into two parts, depending on whether the sets under consideration are finite or infinite. The first part is grounded mainly in combinatorics and graph theory and does not make essential use of set-theorical concepts, whereas the second part presupposes a knowledge of the fundamental notions of set theory, in particular of the system of ordinal and cardinal numbers. In this book we mainly deal with general infinite ordered sets. In this field the textbook literature is still very small. Therefore this book supplements the existing literature.

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Free Download Orchid Species from Himalaya and Southeast Asia Vol. 1 (A - E) by Eng Soon Teoh
English | PDF (True) | 2021 | 517 Pages | ISBN : 3030588718 | 122.7 MB
A presentation of 491 popular orchid species with 13 varieties and 3 natural hybrids in 51 genera with names beginning with A to E carefully detailed with beautiful photographs and concise descriptions of the plants, their distribution and habitats by a well-known author and photographer. Each genus is assigned a separate chapter. Coverage of the most commonly cultivated Asian species including their varieties and cultivars (e.g. in Bulbophyllum 82 species; Coelogyne 37 species; Dendrobium 210 species) is exhaustive.

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Free Download Orchid Species from Himalaya and Southeast Asia Vol. 1 (A - E) by Eng Soon Teoh
English | EPUB | 2021 | 517 Pages | ISBN : 3030588718 | 196.8 MB
A presentation of 491 popular orchid species with 13 varieties and 3 natural hybrids in 51 genera with names beginning with A to E carefully detailed with beautiful photographs and concise descriptions of the plants, their distribution and habitats by a well-known author and photographer. Each genus is assigned a separate chapter. Coverage of the most commonly cultivated Asian species including their varieties and cultivars (e.g. in Bulbophyllum 82 species; Coelogyne 37 species; Dendrobium 210 species) is exhaustive.

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Free Download Optoelectronic Integration: Physics, Technology and Applications by O. Wada
English | PDF | 1994 | 646 Pages | ISBN : 0792394534 | 47.9 MB
As we approach the end of the present century, the elementary particles of light (photons) are seen to be competing increasingly with the elementary particles of charge (electrons/holes) in the task of transmitting and processing the insatiable amounts of infonnation needed by society. The massive enhancements in electronic signal processing that have taken place since the discovery of the transistor, elegantly demonstrate how we have learned to make use of the strong interactions that exist between assemblages of electrons and holes, disposed in suitably designed geometries, and replicated on an increasingly fine scale. On the other hand, photons interact extremely weakly amongst themselves and all-photonic active circuit elements, where photons control photons, are presently very difficult to realise, particularly in small volumes. Fortunately rapid developments in the design and understanding of semiconductor injection lasers coupled with newly recognized quantum phenomena, that arise when device dimensions become comparable with electronic wavelengths, have clearly demonstrated how efficient and fast the interaction between electrons and photons can be. This latter situation has therefore provided a strong incentive to devise and study monolithic integrated circuits which involve both electrons and photons in their operation. As chapter I notes, it is barely fifteen years ago since the first demonstration of simple optoelectronic integrated circuits were realised using m-V compound semiconductors; these combined either a laser/driver or photodetector/preamplifier combination.

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Free Download Option Theory with Stochastic Analysis: An Introduction to Mathematical Finance by Fred Espen Benth
English | PDF (True) | 2004 | 172 Pages | ISBN : 354040502X | 13.4 MB
Since 1972 and the appearance of the famous Black & Scholes option pric ing formula, derivatives have become an integrated part of everyday life in the financial industry. Options and derivatives are tools to control risk ex posure, and used in the strategies of investors speculating in markets like fixed-income, stocks, currencies, commodities and energy. A combination of mathematical and economical reasoning is used to find the price of a derivatives contract. This book gives an introduction to the theory of mathematical finance, which is the modern approach to analyse options and derivatives. Roughly speaking, we can divide mathematical fi nance into three main directions. In stochastic finance the purpose is to use economic theory with stochastic analysis to derive fair prices for options and derivatives. The results are based on stochastic modelling of financial as sets, which is the field of empirical finance. Numerical approaches for finding prices of options are studied in computational finance. All three directions are presented in this book. Algorithms and code for Visual Basic functions are included in the numerical chapter to inspire the reader to test out the theory in practice. The objective of the book is not to give a complete account of option theory, but rather relax the mathematical rigour to focus on the ideas and techniques.

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Free Download Optimization, Learning Algorithms and Applications: Third International Conference, OL2A 2023, Ponta Delgada, Portugal, September 27-29, 2023, Revised Selected Papers, Part II by Ana I. Pereira, Armando Mendes, Florbela P. Fernandes, Maria F. Pacheco, João P. Coelho, José Lima
English | PDF (True) | 2024 | 398 Pages | ISBN : 3031530357 | 48.1 MB
This two-volume set CCIS 1981 and 1982 constitutes the refereed post-conference proceedings of the Third International Conference on Optimization, Learning Algorithms and Applications, OL2A 2023, held in Ponta Delgada, Portugal, in September 2023.

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Free Download Optimization of Spiking Neural Networks for Radar Applications by Muhammad Arsalan
English | PDF EPUB (True) | 2024 | 253 Pages | ISBN : 3658453176 | 35.1 MB
This book offers a comprehensive exploration of the transformative role that edge devices play in advancing Internet of Things (IoT) applications. By providing real-time processing, reduced latency, increased efficiency, improved security, and scalability, edge devices are at the forefront of enabling IoT growth and success. As the adoption of AI on the edge continues to surge, the demand for real-time data processing is escalating, driving innovation in AI and fostering the development of cutting-edge applications and use cases. Delving into the intricacies of traditional deep neural network (deepNet) approaches, the book addresses concerns about their energy efficiency during inference, particularly for edge devices. The energy consumption of deepNets, largely attributed to Multiply-accumulate (MAC) operations between layers, is scrutinized. Researchers are actively working on reducing energy consumption through strategies such as tiny networks, pruning approaches, and weight quantization. Additionally, the book sheds light on the challenges posed by the physical size of AI accelerators for edge devices. The central focus of the book is an in-depth examination of SNNs' capabilities in radar data processing, featuring the development of optimized algorithms.

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Free Download Optimal Long-Term Operation of Electric Power Systems by G. S. Christensen , S. A. Soliman
English | PDF | 1988 | 313 Pages | ISBN : 1468454951 | 21 MB
This book deals with a very important problem in power system planning for countries in which hydrogeneration accounts for the greatest part of the system power production. During the past thirty years many techniques have been developed to cope with the long-term operation of hydro reser voirs. These techniques have been discussed in a number of publications, but they have not until now been documented in book form. This book is intended as the foundation for a special graduate course dealing with aspects of electrical engineering, operational research, water resource research, and applied mathematics. It may also be used for self study by practicing personnel involved in the planning and operation of hydroelectric power systems for utilities, consulting groups, and government regulatory agencies. The book consists of eight chapters. Chapter 1 reviews the historical developments in the field, discusses briefly all techniques used to solve the problem, and summarizes the modeling of hydroplants for long-term operation studies. At the end of the chapter we present in detail an outline of the book.

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Free Download Optimal Decisions Under Uncertainty: Methods, Models, and Management by Jati K. Sengupta
English | PDF | 1985 | 295 Pages | ISBN : 3540150323 | 19.6 MB
Understanding the stochastic enviornment is as much important to the manager as to the economist. From production and marketing to financial management, a manager has to assess various costs imposed by uncertainty. The economist analyzes the role of incomplete and too often imperfect information structures on the optimal decisions made by a firm. The need for understanding the role of uncertainty in quantitative decision models, both in economics and management science provide the basic motivation of this monograph. The stochastic environment is analyzed here in terms of the following specific models of optimization: linear and quadratic models, linear programming, control theory and dynamic programming. Uncertainty is introduced here through the para meters, the constraints, and the objective function and its impact evaluated. Specifically recent developments in applied research are emphasized, so that they can help the decision-maker arrive at a solution which has some desirable charac teristics like robustness, stability and cautiousness. Mathematical treatment is kept at a fairly elementary level and applied as pects are emphasized much more than theory. Moreover, an attempt is made to in corporate the economic theory of uncertainty into the stochastic theory of opera tions research. Methods of optimal decision rules illustrated he re are applicable in three broad areas: (a) applied economic models in resource allocation and economic planning, (b) operations research models involving portfolio analysis and stochastic linear programming and © systems science models in stochastic control and adaptive behavior.

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Free Download Opportunistic Fungi, Nematode and Plant Interactions: Interplay and Mechanisms by Mohd. Sayeed Akhtar
English | PDF EPUB (True) | 2024 | 226 Pages | ISBN : 9819720443 | 9.8 MB
This book covers the fundamental and applied characteristics of opportunistic (OP) fungi, plant parasitic nematodes (PPN), and plant interactions. Fungal behavior and cultivation, physiological and molecular changes in relation to hosts and pathogens, and the mechanistic aspects of their management strategies are also covered in this volume. In the diverse agro-climatic conditions of the world, PPN has been identified as the most damaging pest to a variety of commercial and agro-important crop plants. Various chemical nematicides have been widely employed to treat nematode infection in recent decades, but use of these chemicals has been restricted due to widespread concerns about human health and environmental safety. In this regard, rhizospheric microorganisms can act as a first line of defense against pathogen attacks on the root and play a critical role in the management of plant diseases caused by PPN. The OP might directly parasitize the PPN by secreting metabolic chemicals that affect the viability of one or more phases of the nematode's life cycle.

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