Female Bladder Outlet Obstruction and Urethral Reconstruction

It is also seen that the female voiding symptoms and bladder outlet obstruction are poorly understood entities; which is also evident from the fact that Urethral dilatation in women is still a widely practiced procedure. This book provides a comprehensive understanding of female voiding disorders leading to bladder outlet obstruction and helps identify the women who will actually need reconstructive surgeries. The book begins with what is normal female voiding and then goes on to describe the various definitions of female bladder outlet obstruction along with controversies in Urodynamic diagnosis . As the functional causes are more common than actual strictures, this book elucidates on the knowledge of each of these differentials with their basic understanding and treatment outline, further throwing knowledge on the anatomical causes like pelvic organ prolapse and female urethral stricture. A separate section is dedicated to female urethral surgical anatomy and urethral reconstruction for urethral stricture as well as pelvic fracture urethral injury in females.