James Joyce and the Internal World of the Replacement Child

Mary Adams links Joyce's profound sense of guilt and abandonment with the trauma of being a 'replacement child' and compares his experience with that of two psychoanalytic cases, as well as with Freud and other well-known figures who were replacement children. Issues such as survivor guilt, sibling rivalry, the 'illegitimate' replacement son, and the 'dead mother' syndrome are discussed. Joyce is seen as maturing from a paranoid, fearful state through his writing, his intelligence, his humour and his sublime poetic sensibility. By escaping the oppressive aspects of life in Dublin, in exile he could find greater emotional freedom and a new sense of belonging. A quality of claustrophobic intrusive identification in
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