Islamophobia and Acts of Violence The Targeting and Victimization of American Muslims

Stereotypes of middle-eastern people had been part of the American landscape for decades prior to 9/11, and this act of terrorism intensified American misconceptions of the already marginalized community and led to criminal victimization of persons believed to be members of the Muslim community.
This volume seeks to bring various aspects of Islamophobic attitudes and behaviors, from microaggressions that reflect bigotry to bias motivated criminal acts, commonly referred to as hate crimes, to a broad audience. This volume could also serve as a supplemental text for educators who teach in areas such as ethnoviolence, hate crimes and terrorism, criminology, sociology, immigration studies, political science, world religions, especially middle eastern studies, and other related courses.
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