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Free Download Ibn al-Haytham's Completion of the Conics by J. P. Hogendijk
English | PDF | 1985 | 425 Pages | ISBN : N/A | 28.5 MB
Arabic science began to flourish about A.D. 800, nearly a century after the great conquests oflslam. Baghdad, the recently founded capital of the empire, became the cultural and intellectual centre of the world and attracted many scholars with different backgrounds. In the process of translation and transmission of older scientific texts, the Arabic language became the vehicle par excellence for scientific and philosophical thought. Thus began what is called the Arabic scientific tradition, l i.e. the activity of scholars of different nationalities, who came from various parts of the Muslim world (Persia, Arabia, Syria, etc.), who had different religions (mainly Muslim, but also Christian, Jewish, and others) and who mainly wrote in Arabic. Arabic science flourished with interruptions till ca. 1450. The transmission of Arabic texts or Arabic translations of Greek texts to (Western) Europe was a decisive factor in the development of Latin science and philosophy in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, which in turn paved the way for the Renaissance in Europe. However, Arabic science remained for the most part unknown in the West.
Arabic mathematics 2 drew from Greek and Indian sources, but the influence in geometry was almost exclusively Greek. The Elements of Euclid had already been translated into Arabic by the beginning ofthe ninth century, and many other Greek works were translated soon afterwards. The study of Greek science was much encouraged by Caliph Hartin aI-RashId (reigned 786-809), also known from the tales of 1001 Nights, and even more by his son Caliph AI-Macmiin (reigned 813-833). In this period a large number of Greek manuscripts were collected in Baghdad. One of these manuscripts contained the first seven of the eight Books of the Conics (KrovlKcX) of Apol- lonius of Perga (ca. 200 B.C.).
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